Photo-realistic style transfer aims at migrating the artistic style from an exemplar style image to a content image, producing a result image without spatial distortions or unrealistic artifacts. Impressive results have been achieved by recent deep models. However, deep neural network based methods are too expensive to run in real-time. Meanwhile, bilateral grid based methods are much faster but still contain artifacts like overexposure. In this work, we propose the \textbf{Adaptive ColorMLP (AdaCM)}, an effective and efficient framework for universal photo-realistic style transfer. First, we find the complex non-linear color mapping between input and target domain can be efficiently modeled by a small multi-layer perceptron (ColorMLP) model. Then, in \textbf{AdaCM}, we adopt a CNN encoder to adaptively predict all parameters for the ColorMLP conditioned on each input content and style image pair. Experimental results demonstrate that AdaCM can generate vivid and high-quality stylization results. Meanwhile, our AdaCM is ultrafast and can process a 4K resolution image in 6ms on one V100 GPU.

Motivation: Enhancers are important cis-regulatory elements that regulate a wide range of biological functions and enhance the transcription of target genes. Although many state-of-the-art computational methods have been proposed in order to efficiently identify enhancers, learning globally contextual features is still one of the challenges for computational methods. Regarding the similarities between biological sequences and natural language sentences, the novel BERT-based language techniques have been applied to extracting complex contextual features in various computational biology tasks such as protein function/structure prediction. To speed up the research on enhancer identification, it is urgent to construct a BERT-based enhancer language model. Results: In this paper, we propose a multi-scale enhancer identification method (iEnhancer-ELM) based on enhancer language models, which treat enhancer sequences as natural language sentences that are composed of k-mer nucleotides. iEnhancer-ELM can extract contextual information of multi-scale k-mers with positions from raw enhancer sequences. Benefiting from the complementary information of k-mers in multi-scale, we ensemble four iEnhancer-ELM models for improving enhancer identification. The benchmark comparisons show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods. By the interpretable attention mechanism, we finds 30 biological patterns, where 40% (12/30) are verified by a widely used motif tool (STREME) and a popular dataset (JASPAR), demonstrating our model has a potential ability to reveal the biological mechanism of enhancer. Availability: The source code are available at https://github.com/chen-bioinfo/iEnhancer-ELM Contact: junjiechen@hit.edu.cn and junjie.chen.hit@gmail.com; Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Swarm learning (SL) is an emerging promising decentralized machine learning paradigm and has achieved high performance in clinical applications. SL solves the problem of a central structure in federated learning by combining edge computing and blockchain-based peer-to-peer network. While there are promising results in the assumption of the independent and identically distributed (IID) data across participants, SL suffers from performance degradation as the degree of the non-IID data increases. To address this problem, we propose a generative augmentation framework in swarm learning called SL-GAN, which augments the non-IID data by generating the synthetic data from participants. SL-GAN trains generators and discriminators locally, and periodically aggregation via a randomly elected coordinator in SL network. Under the standard assumptions, we theoretically prove the convergence of SL-GAN using stochastic approximations. Experimental results demonstrate that SL-GAN outperforms state-of-art methods on three real world clinical datasets including Tuberculosis, Leukemia, COVID-19.

基于匹配的方法，尤其是基于时空记忆的方法，在半监督视频对象分割（VOS）中明显领先于其他解决方案。但是，不断增长和冗余的模板特征导致推断效率低下。为了减轻这一点，我们提出了一个新型的顺序加权期望最大化（SWEM）网络，以大大降低记忆特征的冗余。与以前仅检测帧之间特征冗余的方法不同，Swem通过利用顺序加权EM算法来合并框架内和框架间的相似特征。此外，框架特征的自适应权重具有代表硬样品的灵活性，从而改善了模板的歧视。此外，该提出的方法在内存中保留了固定数量的模板特征，从而确保了VOS系统的稳定推理复杂性。对常用的戴维斯和YouTube-VOS数据集进行了广泛的实验，验证了SWEM的高效率（36 fps）和高性能（84.3 \％$ \ Mathcal {J} \＆\ Mathcal {F} $代码可在以下网址获得：https：//github.com/lmm077/swem。

作为在人类智能中获得可推广的解决方案的关键组成部分，推理为加强学习（RL）代理人对各种目标的概括提供了巨大的潜力，这是通过汇总部分到全部的论点并发现因果关系的。但是，如何发现和代表因果关系仍然是阻碍因果RL发展的巨大差距。在本文中，我们使用因果图（CG）增强目标条件的RL（GCRL），该结构是基于对象和事件之间的关系建立的。我们在小新生中将GCRL问题提出为变异的可能性最大化，将CG作为潜在变量。为了优化派生目标，我们提出了一个具有理论性能的框架，可以保证在两个步骤之间交替：使用介入数据来估计CG的后验；使用CG学习可推广的模型和可解释的政策。由于缺乏在推理下验证概括能力的公共基准测试，我们设计了九个任务，然后从经验上显示了对这些任务上五个基准的拟议方法的有效性。进一步的理论分析表明，我们的绩效提高归因于因果发现，过渡建模和政策培训的良性周期，这与广泛消融研究中的实验证据相吻合。

生成至关重要但难以收集的安全 - 关键方案，提供了一种评估自动驾驶系统鲁棒性的有效方法。但是，情景和发电方法的效率的多样性受到安全至关重要情景的稀有性和结构的严格限制。因此，仅估计观察数据分布的现有生成模型并不满足解决此问题的满足。在本文中，我们将因果关系纳入场景生成，并提出基于流动的生成框架，因果自回旋流量（Causalaf）。 Causalaf鼓励生成模型通过新颖的因果掩蔽操作来揭示和遵循生成的对象之间的因果关系，而不是仅从观察数据中搜索样本。通过学习生成场景如何引起风险情况而不仅仅是从数据学习相关性的原因和效应机制，Causalaf显着提高了学习效率。在三种异构交通情况上进行的广泛实验表明，Causalaf需要更少的优化资源来有效地产生安全至关重要的情况。我们还表明，使用生成的方案作为其他培训样本在经验上可以改善自主驾驶算法的鲁棒性。

Most existing text-video retrieval methods focus on cross-modal matching between the visual content of offline videos and textual query sentences. However, in real scenarios, online videos are frequently accompanied by relevant text information such as titles, tags, and even subtitles, which can be utilized to match textual queries. This inspires us to generate associated captions from offline videos to help with existing text-video retrieval methods. To do so, we propose to use the zero-shot video captioner with knowledge of pre-trained web-scale models (e.g., CLIP and GPT-2) to generate captions for offline videos without any training. Given the captions, one question naturally arises: what can auxiliary captions do for text-video retrieval? In this paper, we present a novel framework Cap4Video, which makes use of captions from three aspects: i) Input data: The video and captions can form new video-caption pairs as data augmentation for training. ii) Feature interaction: We perform feature interaction between video and caption to yield enhanced video representations. iii) Output score: The Query-Caption matching branch can be complementary to the original Query-Video matching branch for text-video retrieval. We conduct thorough ablation studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Without any post-processing, our Cap4Video achieves state-of-the-art performance on MSR-VTT (51.4%), VATEX (66.6%), MSVD (51.8%), and DiDeMo (52.0%).

Vision-language models (VLMs) that are pre-trained on large-scale image-text pairs have demonstrated impressive transferability on a wide range of visual tasks. Transferring knowledge from such powerful pre-trained VLMs is emerging as a promising direction for building effective video recognition models. However, the current exploration is still limited. In our opinion, the greatest charm of pre-trained vision-language models is to build a bridge between visual and textual domains. In this paper, we present a novel framework called BIKE which utilizes the cross-modal bridge to explore bidirectional knowledge: i) We propose a Video Attribute Association mechanism which leverages the Video-to-Text knowledge to generate textual auxiliary attributes to complement video recognition. ii) We also present a Temporal Concept Spotting mechanism which uses the Text-to-Video expertise to capture temporal saliency in a parameter-free manner to yield enhanced video representation. The extensive studies on popular video datasets (ie, Kinetics-400 & 600, UCF-101, HMDB-51 and ActivityNet) show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in most recognition scenarios, eg, general, zero-shot, and few-shot video recognition. To the best of our knowledge, our best model achieves a state-of-the-art accuracy of 88.4% on challenging Kinetics-400 with the released CLIP pre-trained model.

Traditional multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) uses a single model to translate all directions. However, with the increasing scale of language pairs, simply using a single model for massive MNMT brings new challenges: parameter tension and large computations. In this paper, we revisit multi-way structures by assigning an individual branch for each language (group). Despite being a simple architecture, it is challenging to train de-centralized models due to the lack of constraints to align representations from all languages. We propose a localized training recipe to map different branches into a unified space, resulting in an efficient detachable model, Lego-MT. For a fair comparison, we collect data from OPUS and build the first large-scale open-source translation benchmark covering 7 language-centric data, each containing 445 language pairs. Experiments show that Lego-MT (1.2B) brings gains of more than 4 BLEU while outperforming M2M-100 (12B) (We will public all training data, models, and checkpoints)

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and is applicable in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and everyday life. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of solving math problems and proving theorems has garnered significant interest in the fields of machine learning and natural language processing. For example, mathematics serves as a testbed for aspects of reasoning that are challenging for powerful deep learning models, driving new algorithmic and modeling advances. On the other hand, recent advances in large-scale neural language models have opened up new benchmarks and opportunities to use deep learning for mathematical reasoning. In this survey paper, we review the key tasks, datasets, and methods at the intersection of mathematical reasoning and deep learning over the past decade. We also evaluate existing benchmarks and methods, and discuss future research directions in this domain.